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Unit1
4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice， and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.
注意句中hundreds of hours的用法，閱讀課本第六頁注解2.
請翻譯下面的詞組：
1) 十個學生 ten students
數(shù)十個學生 tens of students
2) 五百年 five hundred years
數(shù)百年 hundreds of years
3) 兩千年 two thousand years
數(shù)千年 thousands of years
4) 三百萬美元 three million dollars
數(shù)百萬美元 millions of dollars
5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.
句中be different from 意為“與…不同”，如：My opinion is different from yours.(我的觀點與你的觀點不同。)
請注意下面三個句子中所用的詞組：
Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.
Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language.
The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language.
從上面的句子中可以看出differ是動詞，different 是形容詞，difference是名詞。
6. … find it difficult to succeed in language learning.
… find it difficult to succeed in other fields.
句中的it是形式賓語(formal object)，真正的賓語(real object)是不定式to succeed in language learning，此類用法在英語中很常見，請注意掌握。如：At first I found it difficult to remember all these new words.(開始我感到記住這些單詞很難。)
請翻譯下面的句子：
1) 外面的噪音使我無法繼續(xù)工作。
(The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.)
2) 他們覺得再爭論下去是浪費時間。
(They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.)
3) 她認為把真相告訴小王是對的。
(She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.)
7. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners.
本句中注意掌握動詞offer的用法，請看下面的例句：
1) He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down. (我坐下后他給我端來一杯茶。)
2) What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers? (對這些新教師你有什么建議要提嗎?)
3) This shop offers all kinds of stationery.(這家商店供應各種文具。)
4) The old man offered me 100 yuan for the used bike.
(那個老人向我出價100元買這輛舊自行車。)
5) She offered to help me with my English.(她表示愿意幫我學英語。)
句中的advice為不可數(shù)名詞，其后不加s，正如課本第六頁注解3所說，有許多東西在漢語中是可數(shù)的，在英語中卻是不可數(shù)的。如news， information， paper 等，若要表示“一個”這類概念，就必須加a piece of這類定語，例如：
a piece of news
a piece of advice
a sum of money
a piece of bread
8. Read as much as you can.
句中的much 是副詞，用副詞作同等比較時，可以用as … as和so … as 這種結構，如：
1) Read as much as you can and your vocabulary will be enlarged.(盡量多閱讀，你的詞匯量就會擴大。)
2) We must arrange everything as well as we can.(我們要把一切盡可能地安排好。)
3) Please give me a call as soon as possible.(請盡早給我打電話。)
4) I don''t speak English so well as you.(我英語講得沒你好。)
9. Practice speaking the language every day.
practice 在美國英語中可以做動詞也可以做名詞，而在英國英語中，practice是名詞，動詞的拼寫則是practise.
作動詞用時，其后只能跟動名詞，不能跟不定式。如：It is really no fun to practice running in such hot weather.(在這樣炎熱的天氣里練跑步可真不是好玩的。)
10. Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.
that successful language learners are similar in many ways 是賓語從句。在非正式場合下that引導賓語從句時可省略。如：I think (that) you are right.
請翻譯下面的句子：
1) 小男孩承認是他打碎了窗玻璃。
(The little boy admitted that he broke the window.)
2) 大量證據(jù)表明他是有罪的。(Plenty of evidence shows that he is guilty.)
3) 我保證將會給他更多的幫助。(I promised that I would give him more help.)
11. … they discover their own way to learn the language. to learn the language
不定式做定語，例如：Is it the best way to solve the problem?(這是解決問題的最好方法嗎?)
請翻譯下面的句子：
1) 他沒有勇氣承認自己是無知的。(He has no courage to say that he is ignorant.)
2) 這將是一個交流思想的好機會。(This will be a good opportunity to exchange ideas.)
3) 他們在會上沒有發(fā)言權。(They had no right to speak at the meeting.)
12. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain， they try to find the patterns and rules for themselves.
動詞不定式to explain和名詞 teacher構成復合結構，作wait for的賓語，稱為復合賓語。此類用法在英語中很常見，例如：
1) I''ll get someone to repair the bike for you.(我去找人來幫你修自行車。)
2) He wants you to call him in the afternoon.(他要你下午給他打電話。)
3) The teacher is waiting for the students to answer the questions.(老師在等學生們回答問題。)
4) You can count on him to give you full support.(你放心，他會給你全力支持。)
請注意 instead of 與 instead 的區(qū)別：
1) Instead of staying at home watching TV， he went out for a walk.
He didn''t stay at home watching TV， instead he went out for a walk.
2) Instead of having milk for breakfast， he had a cup of coffee.
He didn''t have milk for breakfast， instead he had a cup of coffee.
13. When they guess wrong， they guess again.
wrong常常作形容詞或動詞用，而本句中的wrong則作副詞用。請注意下面句子中wrong的詞類：
1) He was annoyed that he had been given some wrong information.(wrong adj.錯誤的)
2) I knew I had wronged her terribly when I gave her all the complaints.(wrong v. 冤枉)
3) The whole class burst into laughter when the teacher pronounced her name wrong.(wrong adv.錯，不對)
14. … they look for such a chance.
句中的such是前置限定詞，可放在可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞前，如：
1) I''ve never seen such beautiful scenery.(我從沒見過這樣美麗的景色。)
2) He didn''t expect that the audience would give him such a response.(他沒料想到觀眾們會給予如此反應。)
3) She didn''t feel like going out on such a cold day.(她不想在如此寒冷的日子里出門。)
從下面的句子中可以看出so與such的區(qū)別，so是副詞，通常用來修飾形容詞或副詞：
1) The question was so difficult that nobody could answer it.
(這個問題太難了，沒人能回答。)
2) His eyesight was so poor that he couldn''t see anything clearly.
(他的視力不好，什么也看不清。)
3) He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him.
(他跑得那么快，沒有人能趕上他。)
15. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
不定式短語to learn to think in the language是句子的真正主語。it常常被用來代替不定式，在句子中充當形式主語，而把真正的主語移到句子后面去，這樣使句子顯得比較平穩(wěn)。為了說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，便在不定式前加for引起的短語。又如：
1) It is not at all difficult for him to understand the poem.
2) It is necessary for us to lend him a helping hand at this time.
more important than是形容詞比較級形式，請翻譯下面的句子：
1) 湯姆的年齡比瑪麗大。(Tom is older than Mary.)
2) 這本書比那本書更有趣。(This book is more interesting than that one.)
3) 我們班的學生人數(shù)比他們班的多。(There are more students in our class than in theirs.)
16. … you have probably been learning independently， actively， and purposefully.
句中所用的時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成進行時，表示一個動作從過去的某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)下去。又如：
1) He has been working for a whole day.
2) They have been watching TV for two hours.
請翻譯下面的句子：
1) 老李已經(jīng)在南京生活了二十年。(Lao Li has been living in Nanjing for 20 years.)
2) 雨下多久了?(How long has it been raining?)
3) 我等了他一個多小時了。(I have been waiting for him for more than an hour.)
17. … if your language learning has been less than successful， you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.
less than用在形容詞的前面是為了給所要表述的內容增加否定意味。又如：It would be less than fair to put all the blame on him.(把所有的責任都加在他身上是不太公平的。)
請翻譯下面的句子：
1) 父親對他的成績不太滿意。(Father was less than satisfied with his performance.)
2) 這個計劃遠不夠完美。(The plan was a good deal less than perfect.)
do well to do sth. 的意思是“最好…做”，如：She would do well to go away from these
dishonest people.(她最好遠離這些不誠實的人。)
本課主要詞組
1. disagree with 2. be different from
3. succeed in 4. offer sth. to sb.
5. as much as 6. practice doing sth.
7. be similar to 8. first of all
9. depend on 10. instead of
11. wait for 12. look for
13. learn from 14. communicate with
15. be willing to 16. be interested in
17. in order to 18. on the other hand
19. less than 20. do well to do sth.
本課主要句型
A. 動名詞做主語
1) Learning a language is easy.
2) Learning a language is a very difficult task.
B. 定語從句
1) Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement.
2) Some people who are intelligent and successful in their fields…
3) They are good guessers who find clues and form their own conclusions.
4) They find people who speak the language…
5) …they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete.
C. it 做形式賓語
1) …some people…find it difficult to succeed in…
2) They find it easy to practice using the language regularly…
D. it 做形式主語
1) It is more important for them to learn to think…
2) It is necessary for them to learn the language…
Text B Language
1. not only…but also (不但……而且)
例：To some people language learning is not only time-consuming， but also difficult.
You can find the place not only with the help of a map， but also by asking the way.
2. up and down (上上下下，前前后后)
例：His eyes moved up and down the rows of people， looking for the escaped prisoner.
He walked up and down the street， not knowing what decision he should make.
3. neither…nor (既不……也不)
例：Neither you nor I should be responsible for this accident.
This book is neither interesting nor instructive.
4. mean to do sth.(打算做某事，想要做某事)
例：I meant to say “sorry” to him， but he didn''t want to listen.
He didn''t mean to hurt you.
5. not at all(一點也不)
例：I am not at all tired.
He was not at all frightened by the strange noise.
6. consist of(由……組成)
例：Our class consists of 20 boys and 26 girls.
The medical team consists of 3 doctors and two nurses.
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