自考英語(yǔ)

為了幫助廣大考生備戰(zhàn)2014年自考英語(yǔ)，小編特意總結(jié)了自考英語(yǔ)一復(fù)習(xí)資料，希望給廣大考生備考帶來(lái)幫助！

第五章

Learn new words and phrases

1. weaken: v 削弱、減弱，字根：weak: a 虛弱的

構(gòu)詞形式：adj/n + en或en + adj/n = v

Shorten, enlarge, enable, enrich, loosen, tighten etc.

2. nationwide: a 全國(guó)范圍的，通過(guò)該詞我們可以得到：worldwide:全世界范圍的，regionwide, etc.

3.legal: a 合法的，反義詞：illegal,不合法的;legalize: v 使…合法化。

The Netherlands became the first country to legalize euthanasia.

4. ensure: v 確保、擔(dān)保，常見(jiàn)用法如下：

1). The police can ensure the witness from danger.

2). We can ensure that the work will be done in the right way.

5. oppose: v 反對(duì)、對(duì)抗;名詞：opposition , 形容詞：opposed

1). What he said was totally opposed to the facts.

2). Many people oppose building a new highway because of the great cost.

6. tradition: n 傳統(tǒng)，由此可以聯(lián)想到：

traditional: a; traditionally: ad; 反義詞為：modern

1). _____ Chinese medicine is believed to be effective for many diseases.

2). It's important to keep up the fine ____ of plain living and hard work.

3). Christmas is ____ a holiday for a family to get together.

Answers: Traditional, tradition, traditionally

7. consideration: n 考慮、體諒、照顧，由此可以聯(lián)想到：

Consider: v 考慮;considerate: a 體諒的，be considerate of; considerable: a 相當(dāng)多的。請(qǐng)練習(xí)一下：

1). Losing 30 pounds changed her appearance _____.

2). It is very ____ of you to send me a birthday card.

3). The matter is receiving the serious ____ of the manager.

4). He left behind him a ____ amount of debt.

Answers: considerably, considerate, consideration, considerable

8. disabled: a 殘疾的，傷殘的，由此可以聯(lián)想到：

able: a 有能力的;be able to do sth; unable: a 沒(méi)有能力的;enable: v 使人能夠enable sb to do sth; ability: n 能力;disable: v 使人殘疾

1). As long as they are physically ____, they tend to live on their own.

2). The _____ to be clearly heard is extremely important for any speaker.

3). I'd like to go to the cinema, but I'm _____ to.

4). Education should ____ every student to develop morally, intellectually and physically.

5). A car accident ____ him from playing football.

6). Special care should be given to the ______.

Answers: able, ability, unable, enable, disabled(v), disabled(a)

9. prohibition: n 禁止、禁令，prohibit: v prohibit sb from doing sth;

10. sensitive: a 敏感的， be sensitive to sb/sth; 同根詞：sensible: a 明智的，be sensible of sth

1). I am sensitive to your criticism.

2). It's sensible of you to make such a decision.

Analyze the important sentences among the text

1. Affected with a serious disease, Van Wendel was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. (p2)

譯：因患有嚴(yán)重的疾病，Van Wendel再也不能清楚地講話了，他知道他已經(jīng)沒(méi)有康復(fù)的可能，其病情正在迅速惡化。

句子分析：Affected with a serious disease是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做原因狀語(yǔ)，可以改寫成原因狀語(yǔ)從句：because he was affected with a serious disease, ….另外，there was no hope of recovery和that his condition was rapidly deteriorating都是動(dòng)詞knew的賓語(yǔ)。詞組：be affected with sth患有…疾病。如：

All the cows in the farm are affected with mad-cow disease.

hope of recovery:康復(fù)的希望。

2. Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and showed on TV last year in the Netherlands. (p3)

譯：Van Wendel在他的醫(yī)生給她進(jìn)行最后結(jié)束生命的那一陣之前的后三個(gè)月的生活被拍成了電影并于去年在荷蘭的電視上首次播映。

句子分析：該句的主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，were之前均是。其中，核心名詞Van Wendel's last three months of life，后面的before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor是動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)做定語(yǔ)。film這里當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用，拍電影。

3. The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. (p3)

譯：這個(gè)節(jié)目此后被二十個(gè)國(guó)家所購(gòu)買。每次放映，都引起一場(chǎng)關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的全國(guó)性的大討論。

句子分析：這是一個(gè)?？季渥??？键c(diǎn)一：since: adv 從那以后;考點(diǎn)二：each time是名詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，前面不用介詞;考點(diǎn)三：debate on sth關(guān)于…的討論。

4. However, doctors who carry out euthanasia under strict guidelines introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago are usually not prosecuted. (p4)

譯：然而，在荷蘭議會(huì)兩年前提出的議案的指導(dǎo)原則下執(zhí)行安樂(lè)死的醫(yī)生，通常是不會(huì)被起訴的。

句子分析：該句核心內(nèi)容有三點(diǎn)：carry out …實(shí)施，執(zhí)行;under…guidelines在…原則下，under是按照，根據(jù)的意思;introduced by the Dutch Parliament two years ago是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，修飾guidelines。

5. Should doctors be allowed to take the lives of others? (p5)

譯：醫(yī)生應(yīng)該被允許去結(jié)束他人的性命嗎?

句子分析：該句中主要核心內(nèi)容是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。如：In hot days, flowers must be watered every day.

6. Cicely Saunders, President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement, argues that euthanasia doesn't take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying. (p8)

譯：C.S是國(guó)家收容所委員會(huì)的主席和收容運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)起人，認(rèn)為安樂(lè)死并沒(méi)有考慮到照顧臨終病人有多種方式。

句子分析：主語(yǔ)Cicely Saunders，President of the National Hospice Council and a founder member of the hospice movement是主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)后面是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而其中又包括一個(gè)小的賓語(yǔ)從句。重要詞組：take sth into account = take sth into consideration將…考慮在內(nèi)。如：when judging his performance, don't take his age into account. 另一個(gè)詞組：care for關(guān)心某人。

7. It's very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out. (p8)

譯：這很容易使老人們，殘疾人和依靠別人生存的人感覺(jué)到他們是負(fù)擔(dān)，因此應(yīng)該選擇離開(kāi)人世。

句子分析：該句it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式，to feel that they are burdens, and therefore that they ought to opt out。另外還請(qǐng)注意：the elderly, the disabled and the dependent是屬于：the + adj 所構(gòu)成的固定表達(dá)方式，相當(dāng)于elderly people, disabled people and dependent peoole,是復(fù)數(shù)概念，因此若作主語(yǔ)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：

In our country, the old are taken good care of by the young.

詞組：opt out選擇放棄。如：I think I'll opt out the game.

8. What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right. (p9)

譯：那些反對(duì)安樂(lè)死的人是在告訴我們將死的人們沒(méi)有這種權(quán)利。

句子分析：乍一看，這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句子，但若仔細(xì)分析，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是一環(huán)套一環(huán)的結(jié)構(gòu)。句子主體結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是：What those people are telling me is that dying people haven't the right.

主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，What those people are telling me; 表語(yǔ)是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句：that dying people haven't the right.另外，who oppose euthanasia是定語(yǔ)，修飾those people; 請(qǐng)注意下列幾個(gè)詞的用法：oppose: v 反對(duì); dying people即將死去的人們;have the right to do sth有權(quán)力去做某事。

9. But there are situations where death is a friend. (p9)

譯：但是在一種情況下死亡是朋友。

句子分析：該句唯一的考點(diǎn)為：where; 此時(shí)它引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于in which. 關(guān)于定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞選擇的問(wèn)題，主要取決于先行詞在從句中所作成分，請(qǐng)對(duì)比：

1). The house ??which he bought last year is very big.

2). The house where he was born is very old now.

3). The house whose windows face south is very big.

10. The film showing Cees Van Wendel's death was both moving and sensitive;… his wife had only her husband's interests at heart. (p10)

譯：顯示CVW之死的電影既感人又敏感，他妻子的心里只有丈夫的利益。

句子分析：這是一句曾出現(xiàn)于國(guó)考中的句子。考點(diǎn)：showing Cees Van Wendel's death。

是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)，修飾the film; 詞組：have sth at heart:對(duì)…十分關(guān)心，將…放在心上。 He is selfish, and he has nothing but his own interest at heart

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