學(xué)位英語(yǔ)

Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness

Mashed potatoes,macaroni and cheese,may be bad for your arteries. 1 according to a study in Psychological Science,they're good for your heart and 2 .The study focuses on "comfort food" and how it makes people feel.

"For me 3,food has always played a big role in my family," says Jordan Troisi,a graduate student at the University of Buffalo,and lead author on the study.The study came out of the research program of his co-author Shira Gabriel.It has 4 non-human things that may affect human emotions.Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 TV show,building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 making people

think of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment,in order to make 7 feel lonely,the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them.Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then,some people in each 8 wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food. 9,the researchers had participants 10 questions about their levels of loneliness.

Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.But people who were generally 11 in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food."We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us."says Troisi."Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others."In 12 essays on comfort food,many people wrote about the 13 of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment,14 chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships,but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food.This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment,along with many other questions,so they wouldn't remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress,often associated with our 15 with others," Troisi says."Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness.

詞匯：

mashed adj.被搗成糊漿的

macaroni n.通心粉

cheese n.奶酪

artery n.動(dòng)脈

assignment n.指定作業(yè)

reminder n.起提醒作用的東西

remedy n.治療方法,藥物

virtual adj.虛擬的

注釋：

1.comfort food：爽心食品

2. graduate student：研究生

3. The University of Buffalo：布法羅大學(xué),建校于1846 年,位于水牛城( Buffalo City),屬于紐約州立大學(xué),因此稱為紐約州立大學(xué)水牛城分校。

4. lead author：首席作者

5. their nearest and dearest：他們最接近和最親愛的人

6. levels of loneliness：孤獨(dú)程度

7. only if： 只有(在……情況下)

8. Throughout everyone's daily lives：在每一個(gè)人的日常生活中。through 有"貫穿"的意思。

練習(xí)：

1.A but B if C though D while

2.A personality B movement C emotions D will

3.A privately B usefully C awfully D personally

4.A looked for B looked at C looked after D looked up

5.A favorite B trustful C boring D annoying

6.A with B on C by D at

7.A professors B participants C assistants D scientists

8.A group B class C section D part

9.A Previously B Formally C Initially D Finally

10.A remember B explain C rewrite D complete

11.A sad B secure C shy D angry

12.A your B our C his D their

13.A accident B harm C experience D model

14.A eating B exchanging C buying D keeping

l 5.A expressions B estimation C cooperation D connections

答案與題解：

l. A本句前半句說(shuō)土豆泥、通心粉等對(duì)血管有害( bad),后半句說(shuō)這些食物對(duì)心臟有利(good) .很明顯,前半句與后半句意思相反,所以要選轉(zhuǎn)折連接詞but加以連接。

2. C 根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷,吃土豆泥不會(huì)對(duì)personality (性格) .movement (移動(dòng))或will (意志力)產(chǎn)生有利影響。隨后的文章,多處提到吃爽心食品( favorite food )有助于排解孤獨(dú)感。所以選emotions 是正確的。

3.D本題的答案是personally0 For me personally (就我個(gè)人而言)與下文的意思很連貫。privately (私下地)、usefully (有用地)或awfully (可怕地)與下文的意思搭不上,所以不會(huì)是答案。

4. B 本題的答案是looked at0."looked at non-human things" 相當(dāng)于"studied (研究) nonhuman things",與上下文的意思很匹配。looked for(尋找)、looked after (照顧)和looked up(查找)與下文的意思搭配不上。

5.A本句的意思是：人們?yōu)榱伺沤夤陋?dú)感,常常把自己和電視劇、流行歌曲歌手等等聯(lián)系起來(lái)。選項(xiàng)中有四個(gè)形容詞,應(yīng)該選哪一個(gè)形容詞去修飾TV shows 呢?應(yīng)該選褒義的形容詞： favorite (喜愛的)或trustful ( 可信任的)。但對(duì)電視劇來(lái)說(shuō)談不上信任的問題。favorite 最合理,是本題答案。

6. C 上一句說(shuō)到,人們?yōu)榱伺沤夤陋?dú)感,常常把自己和喜愛的電視劇、流行歌曲歌手等等聯(lián)系起來(lái)。于是Troisi 和Gabriel 想,通過(guò)吃爽心食品讓他們想起親近的人,是不是也能產(chǎn)生同樣的排解孤獨(dú)感的效果呢?四個(gè)介詞中只有by的詞義是"通過(guò)".其余三個(gè)介詞在含義上都不合適。

7.B 選professors(教授)、assistants(助手)或scientists(科學(xué)家)不合常理,科學(xué)家選實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象時(shí)不會(huì)選他們。participants ( 參與者)是本題的答案。

8.A本題應(yīng)該選group,指每一組的參與者。用class (班級(jí)),section (部門)或part (部分)在意義上顯然都不合適。

9. D 本段敘述試驗(yàn)的幾個(gè)步驟。第一步要一部分受試者描寫與親人的爭(zhēng)斗,其他受試者寫情感上中性的話題。第二步(文中用then 加以連接)將上述兩組受試者中的每一組再一分為二,一些人描寫吃爽心食品的經(jīng)歷,另一些人描寫吃新食品的經(jīng)歷。接下來(lái)應(yīng)該是第三步了。從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中尋找,只有Finally 最合適,原來(lái)第三步就是最后一步了。

1O.D 實(shí)驗(yàn)的最后一步是受試者被要求書面回答10個(gè)問題。complete 是答案。要求他們r(jià)emember(記住)、delete (刪除)或rewrite (重寫) questions 都不合乎邏輯。

11. B 與親近的人爭(zhēng)吵會(huì)引發(fā)孤獨(dú)感,但是,一般說(shuō)來(lái),人們的關(guān)系若是通常處于什么狀態(tài),通過(guò)寫出他們吃爽心食物的經(jīng)歷會(huì)降低他們的孤獨(dú)感呢?一定不會(huì)是sad、shy或angry,答案應(yīng)該是secure (穩(wěn)定的)。

12.D 修飾essays 的所有格代詞在人稱與數(shù)上要與they 一致,所以their 是答案。

13. C "eating food with family and friends" 是一種experience (經(jīng)歷),不會(huì)是一個(gè)accident (事故)、harm (危害)或model (樣式)。很明顯,experience 是本題的答案。

14.A 文章中幾次提到吃爽心食物有助于緩解孤獨(dú)感。所以本題選eating 是很自然的。其他

三個(gè)選項(xiàng),exchanging (交換)、buying (買)或keeping (保留)若填入句子中,與后面的賓語(yǔ)chicken soup in the lab 連用,意思上說(shuō)不通。

15.D 本題的答案是connections.其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)在意思上都不合適。

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