考研

翻譯試題

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

A father is busy putting decorations on to the Christmas tree but as quickly as he puts them on his two-year-old son pulls them off. He is about to put the child in a play pen when his wife suggests that it might make more sense to put the tree in the play pen and leave the child outside. Instead of keeping the child away from the tree one can keep the tree away from the child. (1)Lateral thinking involves moving sideways to look at things in a different way. Instead of fixing on one particular approach and then working forward from that the lateral thinker tries to find other approaches.

You can not dig a hole in a different place by digging the same hole deeper. (2)A committee that is convinced that parking meters are the only way to control city parking will spend its time deciding what meters to use, where to put them and how to patrol them.A lateral thinker would look at other approaches: letting people park anywhere they liked so long as they left their headlights on; giving people licenses which would allow them to park free in town only one day a week and so encouraging car sharing; visible licenses that the motorist would pay for if he wanted to park anywhere in town.

(3)Our thinking traditions are very firmly based on logical thinking in which we start off with a certain way of looking at things and then see what we can deduce from that. This can be called vertical thinking since it involves building on what is accepted as traditional. Vertical thinking is for using ideas and lateral thinking is for changing them.

(4)Most of our thinking does not take place at the logical stage but at the perceptual stage which precedes this. Lateral thinking is to do with changing perceptions and finding new ways of looking at things.Lateral thinking is the practical process of creativity. There are various deliberate techniques such as the use of stepping stones (produced, for instance, by reversing the usual situation). (5)Lateral thinking turns creativity into a tool. In a patterning system such as the mind provocation is as important as analysis-and more important for changing ideas.

參考答案

父親忙著往圣誕樹(shù)上掛裝飾品，剛掛上，兩歲的兒子就給扯了下來(lái)。他正要把孩子放進(jìn)游戲圍欄里，他的妻子卻建議說(shuō)，也許把圣誕樹(shù)放在圍欄里而讓孩子在外面更好些。不讓孩子靠近樹(shù)，倒不如把樹(shù)放到孩子夠不著的地方。 (1)橫向思維就是從側(cè)面換個(gè)角度看問(wèn)題。進(jìn)行這種思維的人不是把注意力固定在某一方面上并按此行動(dòng)而是試試是否還有其他方法。

你把洞挖得再深也不等于你另挖一個(gè)洞。(2)如果有一個(gè)委員會(huì)確信只有使用停車計(jì)時(shí)器才能控制市內(nèi)存車，那么它就會(huì)花時(shí)間去考慮使用何種計(jì)時(shí)器，計(jì)時(shí)器裝在何處及如何檢查這些問(wèn)題。橫向思維者則會(huì)考慮其他解決辦法，如只要人們打開(kāi)車燈，他們?cè)赴衍囃Ｔ谀膬憾夹?發(fā)給他們停車許可證，允許他們一周只有一天可在城里免費(fèi)停車，這樣可鼓勵(lì)人們合用車;或是發(fā)行一種張貼于車窗上的許可證，駕車人買(mǎi)了它就可在城里任何地方停車。

(3)我們傳統(tǒng)的思考方式牢固建立在邏輯推理上。我們往往從某一角度考察問(wèn)題，然后看看從中能推斷出什么。這種方式可稱為縱向思維，因?yàn)樗怨J(rèn)為確立的東西做基礎(chǔ)?？v向思維傾向于利用已有觀念而橫向思維傾向于改變觀念。

(4)我們思考問(wèn)題往往不是處于理性階段，而是理性階段之前的感性階段。橫向思維要改變觀念，找到觀察問(wèn)題的新方法。橫向思維是進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造的時(shí)間過(guò)程。有各種考慮問(wèn)題的方法，如利用墊腳石(舉個(gè)例子，把通常情況反過(guò)來(lái)考慮)。(5)橫向思維把創(chuàng)造力變成一種工具。在像大腦這樣按固定方式工作的系統(tǒng)里，刺激和分析一樣重要 --在改變觀念上，刺激更為重要。

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