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經(jīng)典例題262 Since most TVaction_adventuredramas occurs in urban settings，the fear they inspire may contribute to the current flight of the middle class from our cities.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Since most TVaction_adventuredramas occurs…，the fear…may contribute to…。since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。they inspire修飾主句的主語(yǔ)the fear作定語(yǔ)，省略了關(guān)系代詞that.contribute to在此句中應(yīng)譯為促使，造成。dramas在文中不表示戲劇，而譯為節(jié)目，影片。

參考譯文由于電視播放的大多數(shù)動(dòng)作片、冒險(xiǎn)片以城市為背景，由此引起的恐懼感正促使中產(chǎn)階級(jí)逃離城市。

經(jīng)典例題263 Although at first sight the legislation appears to obstruct what might otherwise be a simple process，it actually exists to facilitate the purchase，while protecting the creditors(so far as company law is concerned.)

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Although…the legislation appears to obstruct…，it actually exists to…，while protecting the creditors…。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，在這個(gè)從句中又套有由what引導(dǎo)的名詞從句作obstruct的賓語(yǔ)。主句是it actually exists to…。在主句中while引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，在這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)中又有一個(gè)as far as引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。otherwise譯為在其他方面。facilitate意為使…便利。

參考譯文雖然乍一看，這個(gè)法律似乎妨礙本來(lái)可能很簡(jiǎn)單的程序，但實(shí)際上這個(gè)法律的存在卻使購(gòu)買(mǎi)變得便利，同時(shí)(就公司法而言)也保護(hù)債權(quán)人。

經(jīng)典例題264 While there can be no question of considering education in isolation from science，technology，culture and information，as a social practice that may involve all the members of society in one way or another，education has its own characteristics.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是While there can be no question of considering education…as a social practice…，education has its own characteristics.while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。主句是education has its own characteristics.在while引導(dǎo)的這個(gè)從句中，considering education與as a social practice被介詞短語(yǔ)in isolation from science，technology，culture and information分離。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾social practice.social practice在本句中譯為社會(huì)實(shí)踐。

參考譯文毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，我們可以脫離科學(xué)、技術(shù)、文化和信息，把教育作為以某種方式涉及社會(huì)全體成員的一種社會(huì)實(shí)踐來(lái)加以考查，但教育畢竟還有自己的特點(diǎn)。

經(jīng)典例題265 Lifts stopped working，so that even if you were lucky enough not to be trapped between two floors，you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down hundreds of flights of stairs.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Lifts stopped working，so that…，you had the unpleasant task…。so that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)從句中又套一個(gè)由even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

參考譯文電梯停了，因此即使你幸而沒(méi)有被困在兩個(gè)樓層中間，你也得去完成一項(xiàng)不愉快的任務(wù)，即摸黑往下走百級(jí)樓梯。

經(jīng)典例題266 So be sure not to have sleepless nights thinking because you have smoked a few or even a great number of cigarettes in your time，you are bound to get this illness，because that certainly is not true.結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是So be sure not to…thinking you are bound to…，because that certainly is not true.so引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句中還包含兩個(gè)由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。thinking的賓語(yǔ)you are bound to get this illness被第一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句隔開(kāi)。指示代詞that指代you are bound to get this illness這樣的擔(dān)憂。

參考譯文所以，千萬(wàn)不可由于抽煙或曾煙癮很大，而擔(dān)憂肯定會(huì)染上這個(gè)疾病，并因此夜不能寐，因?yàn)檫@樣的擔(dān)憂實(shí)在是錯(cuò)誤的。

經(jīng)典例題267 Some analysts put a positive spin on a possible Clinton presidency，expecting him if elected to favor small technology_oriented companies and smaller enterprises in general.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Some analysts put…，expecting him if elected to favor small technology_oriented companies…?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)expecting him to…充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。expecting him和to favor被if elected分離。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，if之后省略了he was(he指代Clinton)。spin原意為扭轉(zhuǎn)，在此應(yīng)譯為看法，態(tài)度。oriented意為以…為主的。

參考譯文有些分析家對(duì)克林頓當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)后可能帶來(lái)的結(jié)果持樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。他們期望他一旦當(dāng)選，會(huì)支持重視技術(shù)的小公司和小企業(yè)。

經(jīng)典例題268 Once a few particles were created by quantum fluctuations of the empty vacuum，it became easier for a few more to appear and so，in a rapidly escalating process，the universe gushed forth from nothingness.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Once a few particles were created by…，it became easier for a few more to…，and…。once引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。主句是由and連接的一個(gè)并列句。介詞短語(yǔ)in a rapidly escalating process，作第二個(gè)分句的狀語(yǔ)。particles意為粒子。quantum fluctuations意為量子漲落。nothingness原意為虛無(wú)之狀態(tài)，不存在，在此引申為虛無(wú)。

參考譯文一旦真空中的量子漲落創(chuàng)造出一些粒子，更多的粒子就會(huì)接踵而至，隨著這一迅速增強(qiáng)的過(guò)程，宇宙便從虛無(wú)中噴涌而出。

經(jīng)典例題269 Although the power of man to change his environment is increasing，owing to both exponential population growth and rapid technological change，his activities cannot be seen as being immune to the influence of his physical environment.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Although the power of man to change…，owing to both…and…，his activities cannot be seen as being immune to…。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。主句是his activities cannot be seen as…，介詞短語(yǔ)owing to作它的原因狀語(yǔ)。be immune to原意為對(duì)…免疫，在此句中應(yīng)譯為擺脫。physical environment譯為自然環(huán)境。exponential意為指數(shù)的，冪數(shù)的。

參考譯文由于人口數(shù)量的幾何數(shù)增長(zhǎng)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，盡管人類(lèi)改變環(huán)境的能力也在提高，但人類(lèi)活動(dòng)還無(wú)法擺脫自然環(huán)境的影響。

經(jīng)典例題270 In essence，provided a company is permitted to do so by its Memorandom and Articles of Association，any company can now acquire its own shares(subject to there being at least one left)。

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是…，provided a company is…，any company can acquire its own shares…。provided引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于if.subject to there being at least one left修飾shares作定語(yǔ)，省略了which is.there being是there be的非謂語(yǔ)形式。subject to在此譯為取決于。

參考譯文實(shí)際上，如果一個(gè)公司的組織章程和(聯(lián)營(yíng))公司章程允許這樣做，那么任何公司現(xiàn)在都能購(gòu)買(mǎi)自身股份(條件是至少剩下一位股東)。

經(jīng)典例題271 At the Planck scale，we need to extend General Relativity so that it includes not only the macroscopic properties of gravity but also is microscopic characteristics as well.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是At the Planck scale，we need to extend…so that it includes not only…but also…。so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)目的狀語(yǔ)從句中又包含了一個(gè)由not only…but also引導(dǎo)的并列句。at the Planck scale在此意為在量子世界里。General Relativity意為廣義相對(duì)論。property有多種詞義，在此句中意為性質(zhì)，屬性。it指General Relativity.

參考譯文在量子世界里，我們就需要將廣義相對(duì)論進(jìn)行擴(kuò)充，使得這一理論中不僅包含引力的宏觀特性，還同時(shí)包含引力的微觀特性。

經(jīng)典例題272 Modern means of communication are so rapid that a buyer can discover what price a seller is asking，and can accept it if he wishes，although he may be thousands of miles away.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是Modern means of communication are so…that…。that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，與so相呼應(yīng)。從句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)a buyer和兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)can discover and can accept組成。在這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句中，又包含兩個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，作can accept it的條件。What price a seller is asking是名詞從句，作discover的賓語(yǔ)。

參考譯文現(xiàn)代化的通訊手段非常迅速，一個(gè)買(mǎi)主雖然遠(yuǎn)在幾千英里之外，卻能知道賣(mài)主的要價(jià)，并且如果他愿意的話，就可以接受這個(gè)價(jià)格。

經(jīng)典例題273 When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect，it seems to me that there are two causes，of which one goes much deeper than the other.

結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子的框架是When I try to understand…，it seems to me that there are two causes，of which one goes…。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。在這個(gè)從句中，what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect作understand的賓語(yǔ)。事實(shí)上，這是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，即為it is what that prevents…。主句是由先行詞it引導(dǎo)的句子。其中包含一個(gè)由介詞of+which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾two causes.

參考譯文我想弄清為什么那么多美國(guó)人不像人們料想的那樣快樂(lè)，覺(jué)得似乎有兩個(gè)原因，其中一個(gè)比另一個(gè)深刻得多。

練習(xí)

American and Japanese researchers are developing a smart car that will help drivers avoid accidents by predicting when they are about to make a dangerous move.

The smart car of the future will be able to tell if drivers are going to turn，change lanes，speed up，slow down or pass another car.

If the driver‘s intended action could lead to an accident，the car will activate a warning system or override the move.

(61)By shifting the emphasis of car safety away from design of the vehicle itself and looking more toward the driver‘s behavior，the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people’s needs，New Scientist magazine said.

Alex Pentland of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology collaborated on the project with Andrew Liu who works for the Japanese carmaker Nissan.

(62)Tests of their smart car using a driving simulator have shown that it is95percent accurate in predicting a driver‘s move12seconds in advance.

(63)The system is based on driving behavior which the researchers say can be divided into chains of sub_actions which include preparatory moves.

It monitors the driver‘s behavior patterns to predict the next move.

To make its predictions，Nissan‘s smart car uses a computer and sensors on the steering wheel，accelerator and brake to monitor a person’s driving patterns.(64)A brief training session，in which the driver is asked to perform certain maneuvers，allows the system to calculate the probability of particular actions occurring in two_second time segments，the magazine said.

Liu has also done work on tracking eye movement to predict driving behavior.(65)He said the smart car could be adapted to monitor eye movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move.

答案

文章大意：為提高行車(chē)安全，過(guò)去的做法主要是在車(chē)輛的設(shè)計(jì)上大做文章;而美國(guó)和日本的研究人員正在研制一種智能汽車(chē)，這種汽車(chē)能預(yù)測(cè)駕駛員何時(shí)會(huì)做出危險(xiǎn)的駕駛動(dòng)作從而避免交通事故。

(61)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是By shifting the emphasis…and looking more…，the developers believe that they can start to build cars that adapt to suit people‘s needs，。此句的主干是the developers believe that…，賓語(yǔ)從句里cars又跟有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句;前面介詞by引導(dǎo)由and連接的并列動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成方式狀語(yǔ);adapt to意思為適應(yīng)，這里可翻譯為面向，旨在。

參考譯文：研究人員相信，將提高駕車(chē)安全的重點(diǎn)從車(chē)輛的設(shè)計(jì)上轉(zhuǎn)移到更多地注意司機(jī)的行為，他們就能著手制造適應(yīng)人們需要的汽車(chē)。

(62)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是Tests…have shown that it is95percent accurate inpredicting a driver‘s move12seconds in advance.此句的主干包含了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句：Tests…have shown that…。using a driving simulator是現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)，修飾smart car，that賓語(yǔ)從句中介詞in表示在…方面。move在這里作名詞，in advance翻譯為提前。

參考譯文：用模擬駕駛裝置對(duì)智能汽車(chē)的測(cè)試表明，提前12秒預(yù)測(cè)駕駛員動(dòng)作的準(zhǔn)確性達(dá)到95%.

(63)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是The system is based on driving behavior which…can be divided into chains of sub_actions which include preparatory moves.此句的主干是一簡(jiǎn)單句：The system is based on driving behavior，但后面有兩個(gè)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，第一個(gè)修飾driving behavior，第二個(gè)修飾sub_actions;the researchers say作為插入成分。chains of翻譯為一系列。

參考譯文：這套系統(tǒng)是以駕駛動(dòng)作為基礎(chǔ)開(kāi)發(fā)的，研究人員認(rèn)為可以把駕駛過(guò)程分為一系列的動(dòng)作，包括預(yù)備性的動(dòng)作。

(64)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是A brief training session，…，allows the system to…本句是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，主語(yǔ)后有which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾，occurring in…現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)修飾actions.

參考譯文：在一個(gè)短暫的訓(xùn)練過(guò)程中，駕駛員被要求完成一些規(guī)定動(dòng)作，這個(gè)訓(xùn)練過(guò)程讓系統(tǒng)計(jì)算出在兩秒鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生某些特定動(dòng)作的概率。

(65)結(jié)構(gòu)分析：句子框架是He said the smart car could be adapted to…movement which could give even earlier predictions of when a driver is about to make a wrong move.這句中首先包含了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句：He said that…;賓語(yǔ)部分里又含有which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，但它并不是修飾緊在其前的eye movement，這里which是指代前面說(shuō)的整件事;when引導(dǎo)的從句做介詞of的賓語(yǔ);be about to do表示將要做…。

參考譯文：他說(shuō)可以將智能汽車(chē)改造成監(jiān)視眼球的活動(dòng)，這樣就能更早地預(yù)見(jiàn)到司機(jī)將要做出的錯(cuò)誤動(dòng)作。

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（責(zé)任編輯：rhj）

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