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漢譯英原文：

合營企業(yè)設(shè)董事會(huì)，其人數(shù)組成由合營各方協(xié)商，在合同、章程中確定，并由合營各方委派。董事會(huì)是合營企業(yè)的最高權(quán)力機(jī)構(gòu)，決定合營企業(yè)的一切重大問題。董事長由合營各方協(xié)商確定或由董事會(huì)選舉產(chǎn)生。董事長是合營企業(yè)法定代表人。董事長不能履行職責(zé)時(shí)，應(yīng)授權(quán)其他董事代表合營企業(yè)。

董事會(huì)會(huì)議由董事長負(fù)責(zé)召集并主持。董事會(huì)會(huì)議應(yīng)當(dāng)有2/3以上董事出席方能舉行。董事不能出席的，可以出具委托書委托他人代表其出席和表決。董事會(huì)會(huì)議應(yīng)用中文和英文作詳細(xì)記錄，并在會(huì)議結(jié)束后14日內(nèi)送交每位董事，由出席董事會(huì)會(huì)議的各位董事簽字確認(rèn)。

漢譯英參考答案：

A joint venture shall have a board of directors, which shall have its size and composition stipulated in the contract and the articles of association after consultation between the parties to the venture, and the directors shall be appointed and replaced by the parties to the venture. The board of directors shall be the highest authority of a joint venture that shall decide all major matters concerning the joint venture. The Chairman are determined by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors. The chairman of the board is the legal representative of the joint venture. When the chairman is unable to perform his duties, he shall authorize another director to represent the joint venture.

The board meeting is to be called and presided over by the chairman of the board. It shall be held only when over two-third of the directors are present. If a director is unable to attend the meeting，he may issue a power of attorney to appoint a proxy to represent him and vote on his behalf. Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen （14） days of the conclusion of the meeting to be signed and confirmed by each of the directors who attended the board meeting.

解析：英語句子被動(dòng)態(tài)多，尤其是在科技法律文本中，通過被動(dòng)來體現(xiàn)文本的客觀性。相比較而言，漢語被動(dòng)數(shù)量少、用法窄?，F(xiàn)代漢語大部分被動(dòng)意義很少用被字，不用被字也能表示被動(dòng)涵義，而且，很多被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)并非通過“被”來連接，如由，叫，讓，給，受到，遭到，為……所等等，因此，在判斷主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系時(shí)一定要關(guān)注語態(tài)：主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)？本次考試是考察的法律文本，其間未曾出現(xiàn)一個(gè)“被”字，但是多個(gè)句子是必須利用被動(dòng)語態(tài)來翻譯的：

1. 董事長由合營各方協(xié)商確定或由董事會(huì)選舉產(chǎn)生。

譯文：The Chairman are determined by the parties to the venture or elected by the board of directors.

2. 董事會(huì)會(huì)議由董事長負(fù)責(zé)召集并主持。

譯文：The board meeting is to be called and presided over by the chairman of the board.

3. 董事會(huì)會(huì)議應(yīng)用中文和英文作詳細(xì)記錄，并在會(huì)議結(jié)束后14日內(nèi)送交每位董事，由出席董事會(huì)會(huì)議的各位董事簽字確認(rèn)。

譯文：Detailed minutes of the board meeting shall be prepared in Chinese and English and shall be delivered to each director within fourteen （14） days of the conclusion of the meeting to be signed and confirmed by each of the directors who attended the board meeting.

英譯漢原文

When President Obama took the stage here Wednesday to address a community — and a nation — traumatized by Saturday’s shootings rampage in Tucson, Arizona, it invited comparisons to President George W. Bush’s speech to the nation after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, and the memorial service President Bill Clinton led after the bombing of a federal office building killed 168 people in Oklahoma City in 1995.

But Obama’s appearance presented a deeper challenge, reflecting the tenor of his times. Unlike those tragedies---which, at least initially, united a mournful country and quieted partisan divisions---this one has, in the days since the killings, had the opposite effect, inflaming the divide.

It was a political reality Mr. Obama seemed to recognize the moment he took the stage. He directly confronted the political debate that erupted after the rampage, asking people of all beliefs not to use the tragedy to turn on one another. He called for an end to partisan recriminations, and for a unity that has seemed increasingly elusive as each day has brought more harsh condemnations from the left and the right. It was one of the more powerful addresses that Mr. Obama has delivered as president, harnessing the emotion generated by the shock and loss from Saturday’s shootings to urge Americans “to remind ourselves of all the ways that our hopes and dreams are bound together”.

參考答案：

本周三，奧巴馬總統(tǒng)就上周六亞利桑那州圖森市所發(fā)生的槍擊慘案向公眾及全國發(fā)表演講，人們不禁將這次演講與布什總統(tǒng)在2001年911襲擊之后的演講、以及克林頓總統(tǒng)在1995年俄克拉荷馬州一座聯(lián)邦辦公樓遭襲（168人遇害）后發(fā)表的演說予以比較。

然而，奧巴馬本次面臨著更大的挑戰(zhàn)，也映射出這個(gè)時(shí)代的要旨。不同于以往那些慘案---至少在其發(fā)生的初期，整個(gè)國家在哀悼中團(tuán)結(jié)如一，各黨派亦因此噤若寒蟬---而本次的槍擊慘案卻產(chǎn)生了相反的效果，激發(fā)了黨派間的分歧。

自奧巴馬就任總統(tǒng)以來，他便意識(shí)到了這一政治現(xiàn)實(shí)。他直接面對(duì)槍擊慘案發(fā)生后引發(fā)的政治辯論，呼吁持不同宗教信仰的人們不要利用這一慘案針鋒相對(duì)。他呼吁各黨派停止相互指責(zé)，同時(shí)呼吁各黨派團(tuán)結(jié)起來。因各黨派之間的指責(zé)日益嚴(yán)厲且鋒芒畢露，團(tuán)結(jié)已經(jīng)漸形漸遠(yuǎn)。本次是奧巴馬擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)以來發(fā)表的最具號(hào)召力的一次演講，他在演講中疏導(dǎo)了美國人因槍殺事件而產(chǎn)生的震驚與迷失情緒，并敦促美國人 “時(shí)刻提醒自己，我們因希望和夢想而團(tuán)結(jié)在一起”。

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（責(zé)任編輯：vstara）

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