2.用法
(1) 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假定,如:
if the sun stopped (停止)radiating(發(fā)射出(光,熱), 輻射) heat(熱) and light(光), life(生命) on earth(地球) would be impossible(不可能的) .
 
if i were you, i should start (開始)packing(收拾行李) now.
 
(2) 與過去事實(shí)相反的假定,如:
if you had started your work(工作) earlier(更早地), you would have finished(完成) it. (would: 要, 會(huì), 就會(huì), 將要)
 
 (3) 推測未來不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)可能性很小的假定。如:
if i should live(生活) in the twenty-second century(世紀(jì)), i would spend (度過)my vacation(假期)on the moon(月球).
 
注:
1.虛擬條件除用從句表示外,還可以通過介詞短語等來表示,這時(shí)句中動(dòng)詞也用虛擬語氣,如:
without dust(灰塵), there would be no clouds(云) and no rain(雨).
 
but for(要不是) your cooperation(合作), my business(企業(yè)) would have collapsed(垮掉).
 
2.虛擬條件句中如果出現(xiàn)了were, had或should等詞,通常引起部分倒裝,但如從句中沒有were, had或should,則不能這樣做。如:
e.g. had he come home(回家), he would have met(遇見) his mother(母親).
←←←← if he had come home, he would have met his mother.

虛擬語氣的其他常見用法
1.在表示愿望、建議、要求、命令等含義的動(dòng)詞后所帶的賓語從句及由這些動(dòng)詞派生的同根名詞后面出現(xiàn)的主語從句、表語從句及同位語從句中的謂語一般用虛擬語氣,即“should +動(dòng)詞原形”或只用動(dòng)詞原形。這類從句常見的動(dòng)詞有:demand(要求), request(要求), require(要求), propose(建議), suggest(建議), recommend(建議), move (提議), order(命令), command(命令), insist(堅(jiān)決主張/要求) 等, 如:
we all(全部) insist(堅(jiān)持主張) that we(should) not rest(休息) until we finish the work.
 
2.某些形容詞后面的主語從句的謂語用虛擬語氣
it is necessary(必要的) (important(重要的), essential(必要的), advisable(明智的),better(更好的))等句型中的主語從句中,謂語一般用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”或只用動(dòng)詞原形, 如:
e.g. it is essential(必要的)  that men in space(太空) should take (攜帶)their own(自己的) air(空氣) with them in order to (為了)breathe(呼吸).
 
虛擬語氣的其他常見用法
 
3.在“it is (high, about) time + 從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句結(jié)構(gòu)由連接詞that引導(dǎo), that也可以省略掉,從句謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。該結(jié)構(gòu)可理解為“該是做...的時(shí)候了”, 如:
it’s (about) time (that) the children(孩子們) went to bed(上床睡覺).

l         形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)
 
    英語中的形容詞或副詞在構(gòu)成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式, 進(jìn)行規(guī)則變化時(shí)還需要根據(jù)單詞的音節(jié)數(shù)進(jìn)行區(qū)分:
 
單音節(jié)形容詞及副詞比較級(jí)及最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成形式:
在單音節(jié)形容詞及副詞后及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞和少數(shù)副詞原級(jí)后, 加-er(構(gòu)成比較級(jí)), -est(構(gòu)成最高級(jí))。
cold(寒冷的, 冷淡的) – colder – coldest
small (小的)– smaller – smallest
 
dry(干的, 干燥的) – drier – driest
hot(熱的, 熱情的, 辣的) – hotter – hottest
 
pretty(漂亮的) – prettier – prettiest
 
hard(努力地,辛苦地) – harder – hardest